В Алматы запущен метрополитен

Сегодня в Алматы состоялось долгожданное открытие городской подземки! Этого события горожане ждали без малого 23 года за которые успел развалиться Советский Союз, родиться и встать на ноги новый Казахстан, а город получить и лишиться статуса столицы, что впрочем не помешало Алматы увеличить на треть свои население и территорию

Строительство первой очереди Алматинского метрополитена, которая изначально состояла из 8-ми станций, началось 7 сентября 1988 года после подписания Председателем Совета министров Казахской ССР Нурсултаном Назарбаевым специального распоряжения и должно было завершится во второй половине 1997 года на 80-летие октябрьской революции.  Но жизнь внесла свои коррективы - развал СССР и экономический коллапс 90-х отодвинул эти сроки на долгие 14 лет в ходе которых бюджет строительства увеличился с 101 млрд тенге до 169,9 млрд тенге, а количество станций было решено сократить до 7-ми, отказавшись от строительства станции «Площадь Республики» на пересечении пр. Абая и ул. Желтоксан.

Впрочем, судя по реакции метростроевцев стран СНГ, которые собирались в Алматы в июле этого года, алматинцы не зря ждали открытия метрополитена больше 20 лет. Главный инженер Московского метрополитена Александр Ершов отметил, что в Алматы впервые среди метрополитенов бывшего СССР использовал такие современные решения как, например, безшпальное устройство пути, биметаллический контактный рейс, новый тип подвижного состава, система управления и телемеханики. В свою очередь, технический директор «Тбилисской транспортной компании» Леван Мехрешвили отметил, что сейсмобезопасность алматинской подземки. Специалисты говорят, что от разрушения станции спасают специальные конструкции – деформационные швы, которые проложены через каждые 28 метров. Благодаря им метро выдержит даже девятибалльное землетрясение. Стоит также отметить многочисленные приспособления для людей с ограниченными возможностями и огромное количество современных систем безопасности.

Алматинский метрополитен стал первым метро в Казахстане, вторым в Центральной Азии (после Ташкентского) и 16-м метрополитеном в СНГ. Стоимость проезда в составит 80 тенге, при реальной стоимости около 407 тенге (при 15% загрузке). Оплата производится одноразовыми жетонами или смарт-картой от 5 до 90 поездок. Потенциально метро способно обслуживать до 300 тысяч человек в сутки, однако власти ожидают, что первоначально метрополитеном регулярно будет пользоваться не больше 26 тыс. человек. Напомним, мобильная связь в алматинской подземке доступна не будет.

Первая очередь первой линии будет иметь длину 8,56 км и состоять из 7-ми станций (4 из которых — глубокого заложения, остальные — мелкого). Она проходит от пр. Райымбека в южном направлении под ул. Фурманова до пр. Абая и далее по нему в западном направлении до пр. Гагарина и ул. Жарокова.

На первой очереди будет обращаться 7 четырехвагонных поездов (на полной первой линии в будущем — 20). Планируется, что интервал движения составит от 5 до 2,5 (в часы пик) минут и 11-15 минут в остальное время. Средняя скорость подвижного состава около 40 км/час, максимальная – 80 км/ч. Время проезда по линии первой очереди будет 12 минут. Согласно итогам тендера, подвижной состав будет оснащен современными поездами производства южнокорейского концерна Hyundai со сквозным проходом и кондиционированием в салонах, режимом полного автоведения и другими особенностями. Эта компания также поставляет эскалаторы для Алматинского метрополитена.

По словам городских властей, особое внимание было уделено вопросам обеспечения безопасности пассажиров, созданию комфортных условий передвижения. Безопасность подземки обеспечивается системами видеонаблюдения, специальным отрядом горно-спасетелей и ДВД города, а сами станции и вестибюли бронированными «черными ящиками» для подозритеьных предметов. Все станции оснащены устройствами для инвалидов-колясочников, а край платформ обозначен специальный бордюром для слабовидящих.

Согласно ТЭО в западном направлении будет проложена линия протяженностью 8,62 километра до улицы Ауэзова в микрорайоне «Калкаман-3», которая будет включать в себя 5 станций мелкого заложения. Второе ответвление протяженностью 8,76 километра пройдет от центра вдоль проспекта Сейфуллина к северу и соединит станцию «Райымбек Батыр» с железнодорожным вокзалом «Алматы-1». В эту участок первой линии войдут 6 станций эстакадного типа. В итоге, общая протяженность второй очереди составит порядка 15,7 километра, а совокупная протяженность всей первой линии составит 24,3 километра, на которой будет расположено 18 станций.

На этот год специально для начала строительства первых двух станций второй очереди метрополитена в бюджете города предусмотрены 2,2 млрд тенге, ожидается, что двумя щитами будет пройден порядка 900 метров. При этом станции “Сайран” и “Молодежная”, также как и остальные станции западного направления будут строится в котловане (открытым способом), а соединены подземными тоннелями, а в северном направлении от станции “Райымбек батыр” и до вокзала Алматы-1 все перегоны и станции будут возведены на эстакадах, что значительно сократит стоимость и сроки возведения. По информации акима расходы на эксплуатацию первой очереди составят 1,9 млрд тенге, но вместе с ростом метро эта сумма будет уменьшаться. Ожидается, что на ввод в эксплуатацию двух дополнительных станций уйдет не больше 32 месяцев. Впрочем, все понимают, что указанные в пресс-релизе акимата 26 тыс. человек в ден - это капля в море. Поэтому скорейшее строительство новых станций и дополнительных выходов на станции глубокого залегания в центре - вопрос жизни и смерти первого в стране метрополитена.

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